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Spacing

Bootstrap includes a wide range of shorthand responsive margin, padding, and gap utility classes to modify an element’s appearance.

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Margin and padding

Assign responsive-friendly margin or padding values to an element or a subset of its sides with shorthand classes. Includes support for individual properties, all properties, and vertical and horizontal properties. Classes are built from a default Sass map ranging from .25rem to 3rem.

Using the CSS Grid layout module? Consider using the gap utility instead.

Notation

Spacing utilities that apply to all breakpoints, from xs to xxl, have no breakpoint abbreviation in them. This is because those classes are applied from min-width: 0 and up, and thus are not bound by a media query. The remaining breakpoints, however, do include a breakpoint abbreviation.

The classes are named using the format {property}{sides}-{size} for xs and {property}{sides}-{breakpoint}-{size} for sm, md, lg, xl, and xxl.

Where property is one of:

  • m - for classes that set margin
  • p - for classes that set padding

Where sides is one of:

  • t - for classes that set margin-top or padding-top
  • b - for classes that set margin-bottom or padding-bottom
  • s - (start) for classes that set margin-left or padding-left in LTR, margin-right or padding-right in RTL
  • e - (end) for classes that set margin-right or padding-right in LTR, margin-left or padding-left in RTL
  • x - for classes that set both *-left and *-right
  • y - for classes that set both *-top and *-bottom
  • blank - for classes that set a margin or padding on all 4 sides of the element

Where size is one of:

  • 0 - for classes that eliminate the margin or padding by setting it to 0
  • 1 - (by default) for classes that set the margin or padding to $spacer * .25
  • 2 - (by default) for classes that set the margin or padding to $spacer * .5
  • 3 - (by default) for classes that set the margin or padding to $spacer
  • 4 - (by default) for classes that set the margin or padding to $spacer * 1.5
  • 5 - (by default) for classes that set the margin or padding to $spacer * 3
  • auto - for classes that set the margin to auto

(You can add more sizes by adding entries to the $spacers Sass map variable.)

Examples

Here are some representative examples of these classes:

.mt-0 {
  margin-top: 0 !important;
}

.ms-1 {
  margin-left: ($spacer * .25) !important;
}

.px-2 {
  padding-left: ($spacer * .5) !important;
  padding-right: ($spacer * .5) !important;
}

.p-3 {
  padding: $spacer !important;
}

Horizontal centering

Additionally, Bootstrap also includes an .mx-auto class for horizontally centering fixed-width block level content—that is, content that has display: block and a width set—by setting the horizontal margins to auto.

Centered element 
<div class="mx-auto p-2" style="width: 200px;">
  Centered element
</div>

Negative margin

In CSS, margin properties can utilize negative values (padding cannot). These negative margins are disabled by default, but can be enabled in Sass by setting $enable-negative-margins: true.

The syntax is nearly the same as the default, positive margin utilities, but with the addition of n before the requested size. Here’s an example class that’s the opposite of .mt-1:

.mt-n1 {
  margin-top: -0.25rem !important;
}

Layout spacing

OpenFrontend.Framework enhances Bootstrap features by providing custom classes for better management of layout and spacing.

OpenFrontend.Framework Classes:

  1. These classes apply margins to sections.
  • mb-section - applies a bottom margin to a section.
  • mt-section - applies a top margin to a section.
  • mb-n-section - applies a negative bottom margin to a section.
  • mt-n-section applies a negative top margin to a section.
  1. These classes cater to individual elements.
  • mb-element - applies a bottom margin to an element.
  • mt-element - applies a top margin to an element.
  • mb-n-element - applies a negative bottom margin to an element.
  • mt-n-element - applies a negative top margin for an element.

The negative margin classes can assist in overriding default margins or generating specific layout effects.

Sample wrapper content
Sample wrapper content
Sample wrapper content
Sample wrapper content
html 
<div class="mb-element wrapper wrapper-bg-dark wrapper-text-light py-5">
  <div class="wrapper-content text-center">Sample wrapper content</div>
</div>

<div class="mb-section wrapper wrapper-bg-light wrapper-text-dark py-5">
  <div class="wrapper-content text-center">Sample wrapper content</div>
</div>

<div class="mb-section wrapper wrapper-bg-dark wrapper-text-light py-5">
  <div class="wrapper-content text-center">Sample wrapper content</div>
</div>

<div class="mt-n-section wrapper wrapper-bg-light wrapper-text-dark py-5">
  <div class="wrapper-content text-center">Sample wrapper content</div>
</div>

These custom classes by OpenFrontend.Framework offer more flexibility in building and spacing your designs, leading to cleaner, well-structured, and effective designs. Keep coding and crafting wonderful applications!

Gap

When using display: grid or display: flex, you can make use of gap utilities on the parent element. This can save on having to add margin utilities to individual children of a grid or flex container. Gap utilities are responsive by default, and are generated via our utilities API, based on the $spacers Sass map.

Grid item 1
Grid item 2
Grid item 3
Grid item 4
html 
<div class="grid gap-3">
  <div class="p-2 g-col-6">Grid item 1</div>
  <div class="p-2 g-col-6">Grid item 2</div>
  <div class="p-2 g-col-6">Grid item 3</div>
  <div class="p-2 g-col-6">Grid item 4</div>
</div>

Support includes responsive options for all of Bootstrap’s grid breakpoints, as well as six sizes from the $spacers map (0–5). There is no .gap-auto utility class as it’s effectively the same as .gap-0.

row-gap

row-gap sets the vertical space between children items in the specified container.

Grid item 1
Grid item 2
Grid item 3
Grid item 4
html 
<div class="grid gap-0 row-gap-3">
  <div class="p-2 g-col-6">Grid item 1</div>
  <div class="p-2 g-col-6">Grid item 2</div>
  <div class="p-2 g-col-6">Grid item 3</div>
  <div class="p-2 g-col-6">Grid item 4</div>
</div>

column-gap

column-gap sets the horizontal space between children items in the specified container.

Grid item 1
Grid item 2
Grid item 3
Grid item 4
html 
<div class="grid gap-0 column-gap-3">
  <div class="p-2 g-col-6">Grid item 1</div>
  <div class="p-2 g-col-6">Grid item 2</div>
  <div class="p-2 g-col-6">Grid item 3</div>
  <div class="p-2 g-col-6">Grid item 4</div>
</div>

CSS

Sass maps

Spacing utilities are declared via Sass map and then generated with our utilities API.

src/scss/_variables.scss 
$spacer: 1rem;
$spacers: (
  0: 0,
  1: var(--#{$prefix}spacer-1, $spacer * .25),
  2: var(--#{$prefix}spacer-2, $spacer * .5),
  3: var(--#{$prefix}spacer-3, $spacer),
  4: var(--#{$prefix}spacer-4, $spacer * 1.5),
  5: var(--#{$prefix}spacer-5, $spacer * 3),
);

You can overwrite the spacing values by using the CSS variables, for example:

:root {
  --bs-spacer-2: clamp(10px, 5vw, 50px);
}

Sass utilities API

Spacing utilities are declared in our utilities API in scss/_utilities.scss. Learn how to use the utilities API.

node_modules/bootstrap/scss/_utilities.scss 
"margin": (
  responsive: true,
  property: margin,
  class: m,
  values: map-merge($spacers, (auto: auto))
),
"margin-x": (
  responsive: true,
  property: margin-right margin-left,
  class: mx,
  values: map-merge($spacers, (auto: auto))
),
"margin-y": (
  responsive: true,
  property: margin-top margin-bottom,
  class: my,
  values: map-merge($spacers, (auto: auto))
),
"margin-top": (
  responsive: true,
  property: margin-top,
  class: mt,
  values: map-merge($spacers, (auto: auto))
),
"margin-end": (
  responsive: true,
  property: margin-right,
  class: me,
  values: map-merge($spacers, (auto: auto))
),
"margin-bottom": (
  responsive: true,
  property: margin-bottom,
  class: mb,
  values: map-merge($spacers, (auto: auto))
),
"margin-start": (
  responsive: true,
  property: margin-left,
  class: ms,
  values: map-merge($spacers, (auto: auto))
),
// Negative margin utilities
"negative-margin": (
  responsive: true,
  property: margin,
  class: m,
  values: $negative-spacers
),
"negative-margin-x": (
  responsive: true,
  property: margin-right margin-left,
  class: mx,
  values: $negative-spacers
),
"negative-margin-y": (
  responsive: true,
  property: margin-top margin-bottom,
  class: my,
  values: $negative-spacers
),
"negative-margin-top": (
  responsive: true,
  property: margin-top,
  class: mt,
  values: $negative-spacers
),
"negative-margin-end": (
  responsive: true,
  property: margin-right,
  class: me,
  values: $negative-spacers
),
"negative-margin-bottom": (
  responsive: true,
  property: margin-bottom,
  class: mb,
  values: $negative-spacers
),
"negative-margin-start": (
  responsive: true,
  property: margin-left,
  class: ms,
  values: $negative-spacers
),
// Padding utilities
"padding": (
  responsive: true,
  property: padding,
  class: p,
  values: $spacers
),
"padding-x": (
  responsive: true,
  property: padding-right padding-left,
  class: px,
  values: $spacers
),
"padding-y": (
  responsive: true,
  property: padding-top padding-bottom,
  class: py,
  values: $spacers
),
"padding-top": (
  responsive: true,
  property: padding-top,
  class: pt,
  values: $spacers
),
"padding-end": (
  responsive: true,
  property: padding-right,
  class: pe,
  values: $spacers
),
"padding-bottom": (
  responsive: true,
  property: padding-bottom,
  class: pb,
  values: $spacers
),
"padding-start": (
  responsive: true,
  property: padding-left,
  class: ps,
  values: $spacers
),
// Gap utility
"gap": (
  responsive: true,
  property: gap,
  class: gap,
  values: $spacers
),
"row-gap": (
  responsive: true,
  property: row-gap,
  class: row-gap,
  values: $spacers
),
"column-gap": (
  responsive: true,
  property: column-gap,
  class: column-gap,
  values: $spacers
),